\documentclass[10pt,openany,final,showtrims,openbib,english]{article}
\usepackage{microtype}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{amsthm}
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\usepackage{booktabs}
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\usepackage{lscape}
\usepackage[draft]{todonotes} % ONLY FOR ADDING COMMENTS.
\usepackage{subcaption}
\newcommand{\arrowdot}[1][]{%
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    \draw[->, >=latex] (0,0ex) -- (2em,0ex);
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}
\usepackage{chngcntr}
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\date{}

\title{Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling: \\ \LaTeX~Script for Figures}

\author{Bruno Castanho Silva \and Constantin Manuel Bosancianu \and Levente Littvay}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
    This file contains \LaTeX~code for reproducing all figures in `Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling', by Bruno Castanho Silva, Constantin Manuel Bosancianu, and Levente Littvay (in press, Sage).
\end{abstract}

\clearpage

\section{Introduction}

\begin{figure}[hb]
	\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [draw, circle,minimum size=1cm,thick] (lv) at (0,0) {};
\node [draw=none] (lv.desc) at (3,0) {Latent variable (factor)};
\node [draw, rectangle,minimum size=1cm,thick] (ov) at (0,-1.5) {};
\node [draw=none] (ov.desc) at (3, -1.5) {Observed variable (indicator)};
\node [draw=none] (reg1) at (-0.5,-3) {};
\node [draw=none] (reg2) at (0.5,-3) {};
\draw [->, thick,>=latex] (reg1)--(reg2);
\node [draw=none] (reg) at (3, -3) {Statistical association (regression)};
\node [draw=none] (cor1) at (-0.5,-4.5) {};
\node [draw=none] (cor2) at (0.5,-4.5) {};
\draw [<->, thick, bend left=45, >=latex] (cor1.north) to (cor2.north);
\node [draw=none] (cov) at (3,-4.25) {Correlation/covariance};
\node [draw,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=1cm,thick] (mean) at (0, -6) {1};
\node [draw=none] (lv.desc) at (3,-6) {Mean/intercept};
\node [draw=none, minimum size = 1cm] (res) at (0, -8.2) {};
\draw [<->, thick, >=latex] (res) to [out=80,in=100,looseness=8] (res);
\node [draw=none] (res.desc) at (3,-7.5) {Variance/residual variance};
\node [draw=none] (ind1) at (-0.75,-9) {};
\node [draw=none] (ind2) at (0.75,-9) {};
\draw [->, thick, bend left=45, >=latex, dotted] (ind1.north) to (ind2.north);
\node [draw=none] (ind12) at (3,-8.75) {Indirect effect};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{SEM Graphical Notation}
\label{fig:fig-01-03}
\end{figure} 

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
	\node[draw, circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {THR};
	\node[draw, circle, align=center] (fw2) at (4.5,0) {XEN};
	\node[draw, align=center] (dv) at (10,1.5) {PTV};
	\node[draw, align=center] (y1) at (-1.5,2) {Q1};
	\node[draw, align=center] (y2) at (0,2) {Q2};
	\node[draw, align=center] (y5) at (1.5,2) {Q3};
	\node[draw, align=center] (y3) at (3,2) {Q4};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (4.5,2) {Q5};
	\node[draw] (y6) at (6,2) {Q6};
	\node[draw,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=1cm,thick] (in) at (2.25,5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, right] (fw1) to node {1} (y1.south);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y2.south);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y5.south);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, right] (fw2) to node {1} (y3.south);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y4.south);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y6.south);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to (fw2);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to (dv.west);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=290,in=310,looseness=6] (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=290,in=310,looseness=6] (fw2);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in.south) to (y1);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in.south) to (y2);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in.south) to (y3);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in.south) to (y4);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in.south) to (y5);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in.south) to (y6);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in.south) to (dv.west);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=130,in=150,looseness=6] (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=130,in=150,looseness=6] (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=130,in=150,looseness=6] (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=30,in=50,looseness=6] (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=30,in=50,looseness=6] (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6) to [out=30,in=50,looseness=6] (y6);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (dv) to [out=15,in=35,looseness=6] (dv);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Example Path Model with Latent Variables}
\label{fig:fig-01-04}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!hb]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
% Within part of the graph
\node[draw] (A) at (0,0) {X};
\node[draw] (B) at (3,0) {M};
\node[draw] (C) at (6,0) {Y};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(B) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\beta_{12}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\beta_{11}$};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int1) at (3,-2) {1};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int2) at (6,-2) {1};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (int1)--(B) node [midway, left] {\tiny$\beta_{02}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (int2)--(C) node [midway, left] {\tiny$\beta_{01}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (C) to [out=70, in=110, looseness=7, above] node {\tiny$\epsilon_{1i}$} (C);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (B) to [out=70, in=110, looseness=7, above] node {\tiny$\epsilon_{2i}$} (B);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Path Model in Graphical Form}
\label{fig:fig-01-06}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure} 
	\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [draw=none] (reg1) at (-0.75,0) {};
\node [draw=none] (reg2) at (0.75,0) {};
\draw [->, thick, >=latex] (reg1)--(reg2);
\draw [black,fill] (0.675,0) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\node [draw=none] (reg12) at (3, 0) {Random intercept};
\node [draw=none] (reg3) at (-0.75,-1) {};
\node [draw=none] (reg4) at (0.75,-1) {};
\draw [->, thick, >=latex] (reg3)--(reg4);
\draw [black,fill] (0,-1) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\node [draw=none] (reg34) at (3, -1) {Random slope};
\draw [-, dashed, ultra thick] (-0.75,-2)--(0.75,-2);
\node [draw=none] (sep) at (3,-2) {Within--between separator};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{MLM Graphical Notation}
\label{fig:fig-01-99}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
% Within part of the graph
\node[draw] (A) at (0,0) {X1};
\node[draw] (B) at (2.5,2) {Y2};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (B) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (B);
\node[draw] (C) at (5,0) {Y1};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (C) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8] (C);
\draw[black,fill] (2.15,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
\draw [->, very thin,>=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(C.west) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{1}}$};
\draw [->, very thin,>=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C.west) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{2}}$};
\draw [->, very thin,>=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(B) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\beta_{1}}$};
\draw[black,fill] (4.63,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1)--(7,-1);
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5,0-0.5) {Within};
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5,0-1.5) {Between};
% Between part of the graph
\node[draw, ellipse] (G) at (2,-2) {$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (H) at (2,-4) {$\overset{Y2}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\draw [<->, very thin, bend left=15,>=latex] [out=85](G) to [in=95](H);
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (G) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=8] (G);
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (H) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=8] (H);
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (L) at (5,-3) {1};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(G.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\gamma_{00}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(H.east) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\gamma_{00}}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Multilevel Path Model Translated to Graphical Form}
\label{fig:fig-01-01}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
% Within part of the graph
\node[draw] (A) at (0,0) {X1};
\node[draw] (B) at (2.5,2) {Y2};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (B) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (B);
\node[draw] (C) at (5,0) {Y1};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (C) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8] (C);
\draw[black,fill] (2.15,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(C.west) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{1}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C.west) node [midway, above, xshift=1mm] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{2}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(B) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\beta_{1}}$};
\draw[black,fill] (4.63,0) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw[black,fill] (2.5,0) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw[black,fill] (3.55,1) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw[black,fill] (1.25,1) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1)--(7,-1);
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5, -0.5) {Within};
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5, -1.5) {Between};
% Between part of the graph
\node[draw, ellipse] (G) at (1,-2) {$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (H) at (1,-3.5) {$\overset{Y2}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (I) at (1,-5) {$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{1j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (J) at (1,-6.5) {$\overset{Y1}{\beta_{2j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (K) at (1,-8) {$\overset{Y2}{\beta_{1j}}$};
\draw [<->, very thin, bend left=15,>=latex] [out=85](G) to [in=95](H);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (G) to [out=200, in=220, looseness=8] (G);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (H) to [out=200, in=220, looseness=8] (H);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (I) to [out=200, in=220, looseness=8] (I);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (J) to [out=200, in=220, looseness=8] (J);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (K) to [out=200, in=220, looseness=8] (K);
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (L) at (5,-5) {1};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(G.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\gamma_{00}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(H.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\gamma_{00}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(I.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\gamma_{10}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(J.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\gamma_{20}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(K.east) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\gamma_{10}}$};
\node[draw] (Z) at (-2,-5) {Z};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (Z)--(G.west) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\gamma_{01}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (Z)--(H.west) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\gamma_{01}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (Z)--(I.west) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\gamma_{11}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (Z)--(J.west) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\gamma_{21}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (Z)--(K.west) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\gamma_{11}}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Multilevel Path Model with Random Intercepts and Slopes Translated to Graphical Form}
\label{fig:fig-01-05}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
		% Within part of the graph
		\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {FW1};
		\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {FW2};
		\node[draw] (y1) at (-1.5,2) {Y1};
		\node[draw] (y2) at (0,2) {Y2};
		\node[draw] (y3) at (1.5,2) {Y3};
		\node[draw] (y4) at (3.5,2) {Y4};
		\node[draw] (y5) at (5,2) {Y5};
		\node[draw] (y6) at (6.5,2) {Y6};
		\node[draw] (pw) at (1, -2) {XW};
		\node[draw] (ow) at (4, -2) {YW};
		\node[draw,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=1cm,thick] (in) at (2.5, -3) {1};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y1}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y2}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw1)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y3}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y4}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y5}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw2)--(y6.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y6}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
		\draw [<->, very thin, bend left=25, >=latex] (fw1) to (fw2);
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (pw)--(fw1) node [midway, right] {\tiny{$\overset{FW1}{\beta_{1j}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (pw)--(fw2)  node [midway, below, xshift=-7mm, yshift=-3mm] {\tiny{$\overset{FW2}{\beta_{1}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw1)--(ow.north) node [midway, above] {\tiny{$\overset{YW}{\beta_{1j}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (fw2)--(ow.north) node [midway,left] {\tiny{$\overset{YW}{\beta_{2}}$}};
		% arrows around indicators for intercepts:
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in) -| (fw1)  node [midway,left] {\tiny{$\overset{FW1}{\beta_{0}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (in) -| (fw2)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{FW2}{\beta_{0}}$}};
		% Random intercepts and slopes:
		\draw[black,fill] (-1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (3.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (6.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (4,-1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
		\draw[black,fill] (2.3,-1) circle [radius=0.6mm];
		\draw[black,fill] (0.5,-1) circle [radius=0.6mm];
		% Residuals:
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny $\overset{Y1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (y1);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny $\overset{Y2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (y2);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny $\overset{Y3}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (y3);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny $\overset{Y4}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (y4);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny $\overset{Y5}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (y5);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny $\overset{Y6}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (y6);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ow) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8, left] node {\tiny $\overset{YW}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (ow);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7, left] node {\tiny $\overset{FW1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (fw1);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350,in=10,looseness=7, right] node {\tiny $\overset{FW2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (fw2);
		
		\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-4)--(7,-4);
		\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-3.5) {Within};
		\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-4.5) {Between};
		% Between part of the graph
		\node[draw,,regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=1cm,thick] (inb) at (2.5, -5) {1};
		\node[draw,circle] (fb1) at (2.5,-10) {FB};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1.5,-7.5) {$\overset{Y1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (0,-7.5) {$\overset{Y2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (1.5,-7.5) {$\overset{Y3}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (3.5,-7.5) {$\overset{Y4}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (5,-7.5) {$\overset{Y5}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (y6b) at (6.5,-7.5) {$\overset{Y6}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (i1) at (-1.5,-10.5) {$\overset{YW}{\beta_{0j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (s1) at (-2.5,-12) {$\overset{YW}{\beta_{1j}}$};
		\node[draw,ellipse] (s2) at (-1.5,-14) {$\overset{FW1}{\beta_{1j}}$};
		\node[draw] (pb) at (0, -12) {ZB};
		\node[draw] (ob) at (5, -12) {YB};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway,below] {\tiny{$\overset{Y1}{\mu_{01}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{$\overset{Y2}{\mu_{01}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y3b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{$\overset{Y3}{\mu_{01}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y4b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y4}{\mu_{01}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y5b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{Y5}{\mu_{01}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y6b.south) node [midway,below] {\tiny{$\overset{Y6}{\mu_{01}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (pb)--(fb1) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{FB}{\gamma_{10}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(ob) node [midway, above] {\tiny$\overset{YB}{\gamma_{10}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (pb)--(i1.south) node [midway, below,yshift=2mm,xshift=-2mm] {\tiny$\overset{YW}{\gamma_{01}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (pb)--(s1.east) node [midway, below,xshift=-1.5mm,yshift=0.5mm] {\tiny$\overset{YW}{\gamma_{11}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (pb)--(s2.north) node [midway, below] {\tiny$\overset{FW1}{\gamma_{11}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (inb)--(y1b.north) node  [midway,right,yshift=-1.5mm,xshift=-1.5mm] {\tiny$\overset{Y1}{\mu_{00}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (inb)--(y2b.north) node  [midway,right,yshift=-1.5mm,xshift=-1.5mm] {\tiny$\overset{Y2}{\mu_{00}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (inb)--(y3b.north) node  [midway,right,yshift=-1.5mm,xshift=-1.5mm] {\tiny$\overset{Y3}{\mu_{00}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (inb)--(y4b.north) node  [midway,left,yshift=-1.5mm,xshift=1.5mm] {\tiny$\overset{Y4}{\mu_{00}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (inb)--(y5b.north) node  [midway,left,yshift=-1.5mm,xshift=1.5mm] {\tiny$\overset{Y5}{\mu_{00}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (inb)--(y6b.north) node  [midway,left,xshift=3.5mm,yshift=-2.5mm] {\tiny$\overset{Y6}{\mu_{00}}$};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (inb)--(fb1.north) node  [midway,right,xshift=-0.3mm,yshift=-8mm] {\tiny$\overset{FB}{\gamma_{00}}$};
		% arrows from intercept to beta0j^YW and beta0j^FW1:
		\node [draw=none] (coord1) at (-2.75, -7) {};
		\draw [-, very thin] (inb)--(coord1.north);
		\draw [->, very thin,>=latex] (coord1.north)|-(i1) node [midway, right,yshift=4mm] {\tiny$\overset{YW}{\gamma_{00}}$};
		\node [draw=none] (coord2) at (8 ,-7) {};
		\draw [-, very thin] (inb)--(coord2.north);
		\draw [->,very thin,>=latex] (coord2.north)|-(ob) node [midway, left,yshift=4mm] {\tiny$\overset{YB}{\gamma_{00}}$};
		\node [draw=none] (coord3) at (-3.5, -7) {};
		\draw [-, very thin] (inb)--(coord3.north);
		\draw [->, very thin,>=latex] (coord3.north)|-(s1) node [midway, right,yshift=4mm] {\tiny$\overset{YW}{\gamma_{10}}$};
		\node [draw=none] (coord4) at (-4.25, -7) {};
		\draw [-, very thin] (inb)--(coord4.north);
		\draw [->, very thin,>=latex] (coord4.north)|-(s2) node [midway, right,yshift=4mm] {\tiny$\overset{FW1}{\gamma_{10}}$};
		% Residuals:
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny $\overset{Y1}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y1b);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny $\overset{Y2}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y2b);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny $\overset{Y3}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y3b);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny $\overset{Y4}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y4b);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny $\overset{Y5}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y5b);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny $\overset{Y6}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y6b);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (i1) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, right] node {\tiny $\overset{YW}{\upsilon_{0j}}$}  (i1);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (s1) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny $\overset{YW}{\upsilon_{1j}}$} (s1);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (s2) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, right]  node {\tiny $\overset{FW2}{\upsilon_{1j}}$} (s2);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ob) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8, below]  node {\tiny $\overset{YB}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (ob);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=6, below]  node {\tiny $\overset{FB1}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (fb1);
		\end{tikzpicture}
		\caption{Full SEM Model with Random Intercepts and Random Slopes Translated to Graphical Form}
		\label{fig:fig-01-02}
	\end{figure}
	
	
	\clearpage
	
\section{Multilevel Path Models}

\begin{figure}[hb]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
% Within part of the graph
\node[draw] (A) at (-0.5,0) {EDU};
\node[draw] (B) at (-0.5,4) {AGE};
\node[draw] (D) at (-0.5,2) {INC};
\node[draw] (C) at (3,2) {SEV};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (C) to [out=345,in=15,looseness=8] (C);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(C.west) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.048^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C.west) node [midway, above, xshift=0.25cm] {\tiny $-0.033^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (D)--(C.west) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.035^{***}$};
\draw[black,fill] (2.5,2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1)--(7,-1);
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5,0-0.5) {Within};
% Between part of the graph
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5,-1.5) {Between};
\node[draw] (E) at (-1,-3) {GDP};
\node[draw, ellipse] (F) at (3,-3) {$\overset{SEV}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (G) at (5,-3) {1};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (E)--(F) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.320^{***}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (F) to [out=220,in=240,looseness=8] (F);
\node[draw=none] (X2) at (2.1,-4.1) {\tiny $0.110$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (G)--(F) node [midway, above] {\tiny $-3.044^{***}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Standard Multilevel Regression Model Specification (unstandardized results reported)}
\label{fig:fig-02-00}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!hb]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
% Within part of the graph
\node[draw] (A) at (2,2) {EDU};
\node[draw] (B) at (-1,2) {INC};
\node[draw] (C) at (4,0) {SEV};
\node[draw] (D) at (-1,0) {AGE};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (E3) at (-2.5,2) {1};
\draw[black,fill] (1.48,2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (A)--(B);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C.west);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(C.west);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (D)--(B);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (D)--(C.west);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (D.east)--(A.west);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (E3)--(B);
\draw[black,fill] (3.51,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1)--(7,-1);
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5,-0.5) {Within};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (C) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8] (C);
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (B) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (B);
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (A) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (A);
% Between part of the graph
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5,-1.5) {Between};
\node[draw, ellipse] (G) at (1.5,-2.5) {$\overset{EDU}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (H) at (1.5,-4.5) {$\overset{SEV}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (L) at (5.5,-3.5) {1};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(G.east);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(H.east);
\draw [<->, very thin, bend left=15, >=latex] [out=85](G.east) to [in=95](H.east);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (G) to [out=220,in=240,looseness=8] (G);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (H) to [out=220,in=240,looseness=8] (H);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Standard Path Model}
\label{fig:fig-02-01}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
% Within part of the graph
\node[draw] (A) at (0.5,2) {EDU};
\node[draw] (B) at (-2.5,2) {INC};
\node[draw] (C) at (2.5,0) {SEV};
\node[draw] (D) at (-2.5,0) {AGE};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (E) at (-4.5,2) {1};
% This is the circle denoting a random intercept for EDU
\draw[black,fill] (-0.02,2) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (A)--(B) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.422^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C.west) node [midway, above, xshift=2mm] {\tiny $0.036^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(C.west) node [midway, right] {\tiny $0.049^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, dashed, >=latex] (D)--(B) node [midway, left] {\tiny $0.003^{n.s.}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (D)--(C.west) node [midway, below] {\tiny $-0.033^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (D.east)--(A.west) node [midway, below, yshift=-2.5mm] {\tiny $-0.297^{***}$};
% Put the two intercepts on the figure
% \draw[-] (2.25,2.5)--(2.4,2.15); % Arrow to intercept
% \node[draw=none] (Y1) at (2.55,2.7) {\scriptsize $5.050^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (E)--(B) node [midway, above] {\tiny $4.204^{***}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (B) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (B);
\node[draw=none] (Z1) at (-2.5,2.9) {\tiny $5.231^{***}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (A) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (A);
\node[draw=none] (Z2) at (0.5,2.9) {\tiny $4.189^{***}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (C) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8] (C);
\node[draw=none] (Z3) at (2.5,-0.9) {\tiny $0.441^{***}$};
% \draw[-] (4.25,-0.35)--(4.43,-0.1); % Arrow to intercept
% \node[draw=none] (Y2) at (4.25,-0.5) {\scriptsize $-2.800^{***}$};
% This is the circle denoting a random intercept for SEV
\draw[black,fill] (2.01,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-5,-1.5)--(6.5,-1.5);
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3.5,-1) {Within};
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3.5,-2) {Between};
% Between part of the graph
\node[draw] (F) at (-2.5,-3.5) {GDP};
\node[draw, ellipse] (G) at (1.5,-2.5) {$\overset{EDU}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (H) at (1.5,-4.5) {$\overset{SEV}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, dashed, >=latex] (F)--(G) node [midway, above] {\tiny $-0.046^{n.s.}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (F)--(H) node [midway, below] {\tiny $0.318^{***}$};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (L) at (5.5,-3.5) {1};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(G.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny $5.050^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(H.east) node [midway, below] {\tiny $-2.800^{***}$};
\draw [<->, very thin, dashed, bend left=15, >=latex] [out=85](G.east) to [in=95](H.east);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (G) to [out=220,in=240,looseness=8] (G);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (H) to [out=220,in=240,looseness=8] (H);
\node[draw=none] (X2) at (0.6,-3.6) {\tiny $0.537^{***}$};
\node[draw=none] (X3) at (0.6,-5.6) {\tiny $0.100^{***}$};
% Could not label the arc in any other way except to create a special node
\node[draw=none] (X1) at (3.3,-3.5) {\tiny $-0.045^{n.s.}$};
% \draw[-] (-1,2.50)--(-0.60,2.30); % Arrow to intercept
% \node[draw=none] (Y1) at (-1.45,2.60) {\scriptsize $4.204^{***}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Multilevel Path Model with Random Intercepts (unstandardized results reported)}
\label{fig:fig-02-02}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
% Within part of the graph
\node[draw] (A) at (0.5,2) {EDU};
\node[draw] (B) at (-2.5,2) {INC};
\node[draw] (C) at (2.5,0) {SEV};
\node[draw] (D) at (-2.5,0) {AGE};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (E) at (-4.5,2) {1};
\draw[black,fill] (-0.025,2) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A)--(C.west);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C.west) node [midway, above, xshift=2.5mm] {\tiny $0.033^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (D)--(C.west);
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (A)--(B) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.461^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (D.east)--(A.west);
\draw [->, very thin, dashed, >=latex] (D)--(B) node [midway, left] {\tiny $-0.005^{n.s.}$};
\draw[black,fill] (2,0) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (E)--(B) node [midway, above] {\tiny $4.259^{***}$};
\draw[black,fill] (-1,1) circle [radius=0.6mm] node [below] {\tiny $\overset{EDU}{\beta_{1j}}$};
\draw[black,fill] (1.25,1) circle [radius=0.6mm] node [above right] {\tiny $\overset{SEV}{\beta_{2j}}$};
\draw[black,fill] (0,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] node [below] {\tiny $\overset{SEV}{\beta_{3j}}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (B) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (B);
\node[draw=none] (Z1) at (-2.5, 2.9) {\tiny $4.964^{***}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (A) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (A);
\node[draw=none] (Z2) at (0.5, 2.9) {\tiny $4.204^{***}$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (C) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8] (C);
\node[draw=none] (Z3) at (2.5, -0.9) {\tiny $0.431^{***}$};
\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-5,-1.5)--(6.5,-1.5);
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3.5,-1) {Within};
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3.5,-2) {Between};
% Between part of the graph
\node[draw] (F) at (-4.5,-5.5) {GDP};
\node[draw, ellipse] (G) at (-0.5,-2.5) {$\overset{SEV}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (H) at (-0.5,-4) {$\overset{EDU}{\beta_{0j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (I) at (-0.5,-5.5) {$\overset{EDU}{\beta_{1j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (J) at (-0.5,-7) {$\overset{SEV}{\beta_{2j}}$};
\node[draw, ellipse] (K) at (-0.5,-8.5) {$\overset{SEV}{\beta_{3j}}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (F.east)--(G) node [midway, above, xshift=-0.2cm] {\tiny $0.270^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (F.east)--(H) node [midway, below, xshift=1mm] {\tiny $-0.289^{*}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (F.east)--(I) node [midway, below] {\tiny $0.116^{**}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (F.east)--(J) node [midway, below, yshift=-0.5mm] {\tiny $0.027^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (F.east)--(K) node [midway, below, xshift=-0.3cm] {\tiny $-0.018^{***}$};
\draw [<->, very thin, bend left=15, >=latex] [out=90](G.east) to [in=90](H.east);
\node[draw=none] (X) at (1,-3.25) {\tiny $-0.091^{*}$};
\draw [<->, very thin, bend left=15, >=latex] (I.east) to [out=90,in=90] (J.east);
\node[draw=none] (cab) at (1,-6.25) {\tiny $0.001$};
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (G) to [out=300,in=320,looseness=8] (G);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (H) to [out=300,in=320,looseness=8] (H);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (I) to [out=300,in=320,looseness=8] (I);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (J) to [out=300,in=320,looseness=8] (J);
\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (K) to [out=300,in=320,looseness=8] (K);
\node[draw=none] (X1) at (0.5,-3.6) {\tiny $0.099^{***}$};
\node[draw=none] (X2) at (0.5,-5.1) {\tiny $0.793^{***}$};
\node[draw=none] (X3) at (0.5,-6.6) {\tiny $0.068^{***}$};
\node[draw=none] (X4) at (0.5,-8.1) {\tiny $0.001^{***}$};
\node[draw=none] (X5) at (0.5,-9.6) {\tiny $0.001^{***}$};
\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (L) at (5.5,-5.5) {1};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(G.east) node [midway, above, xshift=3mm] {\tiny $-2.575^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L.west)--(H.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny $7.358^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(I.east) node [midway, above] {\tiny $-1.427^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L.west)--(J.east) node [midway, below] {\tiny $-0.204^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (L)--(K.east) node [midway, below,xshift=3mm] {\tiny $0.144^{***}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Multilevel Path Model with Random Intercepts and Slopes (unstandardized coefficients)}
\label{fig:fig-02-04}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.48\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[draw, rectangle] (X) at (0,0) {X};
    \node[draw, rectangle] (M) at (2,1.5) {M};
    \node[draw, rectangle] (Y) at (4,0) {Y};
    \draw [->, >=latex] (X)--(M) node [midway, above] {};
    \draw [->, >=latex] (M)--(Y) node [midway, above] {};
    \draw [->, >=latex] (X)--(Y) node [midway, above] {};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Mediation}
    \label{fig:fig-02-06a}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.48\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[draw, rectangle] (X) at (0,0) {X};
    \node[draw, rectangle] (M) at (2,1.5) {M};
    \node[draw, rectangle] (Y) at (4,0) {Y};
    \draw [->, >=latex] (X)--(Y) node (A) [midway] {};
    \draw [->, >=latex] (M)--(A) node [midway, above] {};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Moderation}
    \label{fig:fig-02-06b}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Basic Framework for Statistical Mediation and Moderation}
\label{fig:fig-02-06}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
\node[draw] (B) at (0.75,2.5) {EDU};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (B) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=8] (B);
\node[draw] (C) at (4,0) {SEV};
\draw[<->, very thin,>=latex] (C) to [out=250,in=290,looseness=8] (C);
\node[draw] (A) at (-2.5,0) {GDP};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A.east)--(B.west) node [midway, above, yshift=2mm] {\tiny $-0.289^{*}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (A.east)--(C.west) node [midway, below] {\tiny $0.271^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.2mm] (B)--(C.west) node [midway, right] {\tiny $-0.203^{***}$};
\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (A.east)--(2.025,1.29) node [midway, below] {\tiny $0.027^{***}$};
% The three random coefficients depicted
\draw[black,fill] (0.23,2.5) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw[black,fill] (3.51,0) circle [radius=0.6mm];
\draw[black,fill] (2.06,1.3) circle [radius=0.6mm];
% Draw separation line
\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-1.5,3.5)--(-1.5,-1.5);
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-0.5,-1) {Within};
\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-2.5,-1) {Between};
% Indirect effect
\draw [->, thick, bend left, looseness=1.7, >=latex, dotted] [out=90](A) to [in=90](C);
\node[draw=none] (X) at (0.75,3.65) {\tiny $0.059^{*}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Moderated Mediation Effect in the Slopes Model}
\medskip
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} % choose width suitably
{\footnotesize\raggedright\textbf{Note:} Figure includes only the variables involved in the the effect of $GDP$ on self-expression values, both directly and through education. The line separating the levels of analysis is now vertical and the mediation is presented in the usual triangular form.\par}
\end{minipage}
\label{fig:fig-02-05}
\end{figure}

\clearpage


\section{Multilevel Factor Models}

\begin{figure}[!hb]
		\centering
		\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
		% Within part of the graph
		\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {FUN};
		\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {SCH};
		\node[draw] (y1) at (-1.5,2) {VID};
		\node[draw] (y2) at (0,2) {DL1};
		\node[draw] (y3) at (1.5,2) {DL2};
		\node[draw] (y4) at (3.5,2) {ISC};
		\node[draw] (y5) at (5,2) {ILS};
		\node[draw] (y6) at (6.5,2) {HWC};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{VID}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
		\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y6.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
		\draw [<->, very thin, bend right=25, >=latex] (fw1) to (fw2);
		% Residuals:
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] (y1);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] (y2);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] (y3);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] (y4);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] (y5);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] (y6);
		\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,right] (fw2) to  [out=350,in=10,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw2);
	
\end{tikzpicture}
		\caption{Basic CFA Model of Digital Devices Use}
		\label{fig:fig-03-01}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {FUNW};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {SCHW};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1.5,2) {VID};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (0,2) {DL1};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (1.5,2) {DL2};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (3.5,2) {ISC};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (5,2) {ILS};
	\node[draw] (y6) at (6.5,2) {HWC};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{VID}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y6.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\draw [<->, very thin, bend right=25, >=latex] (fw1) to (fw2);
	% Random intercepts:
	\draw[black,fill] (-1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny{$\overset{VID}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny{$\overset{DL1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny{$\overset{DL2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny{$\overset{ISC}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny{$\overset{ILS}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HWC}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y6);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,right] (fw2) to  [out=350,in=10,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw2);
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1.5)--(7,-1.5);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-1) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-2) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fb1) at (0,-7.5) {FUNB};
	\node[draw,circle] (fb2) at (5,-7.5) {SCHB};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1.5,-5) {$\overset{VID}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (0,-5) {$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (1.5,-5) {$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (3.5,-5) {$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (5,-5) {$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y6b) at (6.5,-5) {$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (2.5,-2.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{$\overset{VID}{\mu_{01}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{$\overset{DL1}{\mu_{01}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y3b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{$\overset{DL2}{\mu_{01}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y4b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ISC}{\mu_{02}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y5b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ILS}{\mu_{02}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y6b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HWC}{\mu_{02}}$}};
	\draw [<->, very thin, bend right=25, >=latex] (fb1) to (fb2);
		% arrows from intercept to lambda_0j's:
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b.north) node [pos=0.6, above] {\tiny{$\overset{VID}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b.north) node [pos=0.6, left] {\tiny{$\overset{DL1}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b.north) node [pos=0.6, left] {\tiny{$\overset{DL2}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b.north) node [pos=0.6, right] {\tiny{$\overset{ISC}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b.north) node [pos=0.6, right] {\tiny{$\overset{ILS}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y6b.north) node [pos=0.6, above] {\tiny{$\overset{HWC}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny{$\overset{VID}{\upsilon_{0j}}$}} (y1b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny{$\overset{DL1}{\upsilon_{0j}}$}} (y2b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny{$\overset{DL2}{\upsilon_{0j}}$}} (y3b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny{$\overset{ISC}{\upsilon_{0j}}$}} (y4b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny{$\overset{ILS}{\upsilon_{0j}}$}} (y5b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {\tiny{$\overset{HWC}{\upsilon_{0j}}$}} (y6b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=6, left] node {\tiny{1}} (fb1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2) to [out=350,in=10,looseness=6, right] node {\tiny{1}} (fb2);
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Two-level CFA Model of Digital Devices Usage}
	\label{fig:fig-03-02}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {FUNW};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {SCHW};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1.5,2) {VID};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (0,2) {DL1};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (1.5,2) {DL2};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (3.5,2) {ISC};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (5,2) {ILS};
	\node[draw] (y6) at (6.5,2) {HWC};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.000}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.151}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.060}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.000}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.041}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y6.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.752}};
	\draw [<->, very thin, bend right=25, >=latex, above] (fw1) to node {{\tiny $0.693^{***}$}} (fw2);
	% Random intercepts and slopes:
	\draw[black,fill] (-1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.698$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.429$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.778$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.501$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.385$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $1.124$}} (y6);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7] node {{\tiny $1.058$}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,right] (fw2) to  [out=350,in=10,looseness=7] node {{\tiny $1.210$}} (fw2);
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1.5)--(7,-1.5);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-1) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-2) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fb1) at (0,-7.5) {FUNB};
	\node[draw,circle] (fb2) at (5,-7.5) {SCHB};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1.5,-5) {$\overset{VID}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (0,-5) {$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (1.5,-5) {$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (3.5,-5) {$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (5,-5) {$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y6b) at (6.5,-5) {$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (2.5,-2.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{1.000}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{0.754}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y3b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{0.554}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y4b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.000}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y5b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.880}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y6b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.896}};
	\draw [<->, very thin, bend right=25, >=latex,above] (fb1) to node {{\tiny $0.269^{***}$}} (fb2);
	% arrows from intercept to lambda_0j's:
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b.north) node [pos=0.7, left] {\tiny{$3.226^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b.north) node [pos=0.7, left] {\tiny{$3.041^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b.north) node [pos=0.7, left] {\tiny{$2.866^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b.north) node [pos=0.7, right] {\tiny{$3.057^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b.north) node [pos=0.7, right] {\tiny{$2.986^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y6b.north) node [pos=0.7, right] {\tiny{$3.105^{***}$}};
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {{\tiny $0.017$}} (y1b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {{\tiny $0.000$}} (y2b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6, below] node {{\tiny $0.008$}} (y3b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {{\tiny $0.002$}} (y4b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {{\tiny $0.007$}} (y5b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6, below] node {{\tiny $0.022$}} (y6b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.331}} (fb1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,right] (fb2) to [out=350,in=10,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.248}} (fb2);
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Two-level CFA Model of Digital Devices Use}
	\label{fig:fig-03-03}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {FUN};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {SCH};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1.5,2) {VID};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (0,2) {DL1};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (1.5,2) {DL2};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (3.5,2) {ISC};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (5,2) {ILS};
	\node[draw] (y6) at (6.5,2) {HWC};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.000}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.151}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.059}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.000}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.041}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y6.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.751}};
	\draw [<->, very thin, bend right=25, >=latex, above] (fw1) to node {{\tiny $0.688^{***}$}} (fw2);
	% Random intercepts and slopes:
	\draw[black,fill] (-1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.698$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.426$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.778$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.501$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $0.383$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y6) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7, above] node {{\tiny $1.125$}} (y6);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7] node {{\tiny $1.064$}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,right] (fw2) to  [out=350,in=10,looseness=7] node {{\tiny $1.216$}} (fw2);
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1.5)--(7,-1.5);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-1) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-2) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fb1) at (2.5,-7.5) {DIG};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1.5,-5) {$\overset{VID}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (0,-5) {$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (1.5,-5) {$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (3.5,-5) {$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (5,-5) {$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y6b) at (6.5,-5) {$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (2.5,-2.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{1.000}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{0.748}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y3b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{0.545}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y4b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.859}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y5b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.751}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y6b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.777}};
	% arrows from intercept to lambda_0j's:
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b.north) node [pos=0.7, left] {\tiny{$3.226^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b.north) node [pos=0.73, left] {\tiny{$3.042^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b.north) node [pos=0.7, left] {\tiny{$2.868^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b.north) node [pos=0.7, right] {\tiny{$3.057^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b.north) node [pos=0.7, right] {\tiny{$2.987^{***}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y6b.north) node [pos=0.7, right] {\tiny{$3.105^{***}$}};
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, below] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny $0.019$}} (y1b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, below] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny $0.002$}} (y2b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, below] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny $0.008$}} (y3b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, below] (y4b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny $0.003$}} (y4b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, below] (y5b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny $0.009$}} (y5b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, below] (y6b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny $0.022$}} (y6b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.321}} (fb1);
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Two-level CFA Model of Digital Devices Use with a Unidimensional Level-2 Model}
	\label{fig:fig-03-04}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {FUN};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {SCH};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1.5,2) {VID};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (0,2) {DL1};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (1.5,2) {DL2};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (3.5,2) {ISC};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (5,2) {ILS};
	\node[draw] (y6) at (6.5,2) {HWC};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{VID}{\lambda_1j}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_1j}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_1j}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_2j}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_2j}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y6.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_2j}$}};
	\draw [<->, very thin, bend right=25, >=latex, above] (fw1) to node {{\tiny $0.604^{***}$}} (fw2);
	% Random intercepts:
	\draw[black,fill] (-1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6.5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,above] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 0.694}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,above] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 0.422}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,above] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 0.778}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,above] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 0.506}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,above] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 0.376}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,above] (y6) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 1.124}} (y6);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,right] (fw2) to  [out=350,in=10,looseness=7] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw2);
	
	% Random loadings:
	\draw[black,fill] (0,1) circle [radius=0.6mm];
	\draw[black,fill] (-0.87,1) circle [radius=.6mm];
	\draw[black,fill] (0.87,1) circle [radius=.6mm];
	\draw[black,fill] (4.13,1) circle [radius=.6mm];
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1) circle [radius=.6mm];
	\draw[black,fill] (5.87,1) circle [radius=.6mm];
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-1.5)--(7,-1.5);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-1) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,0-2) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fb1) at (2.5,-10.5) {DIG};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1.5,-8) {$\overset{VID}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (0,-8) {$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (1.5,-8) {$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (3.5,-8) {$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (5,-8) {$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y6b) at (6.5,-8) {$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{0.613}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{0.467}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y3b.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{0.345}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y4b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.516}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y5b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.458}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y6b.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.472}};
	% arrows from intercept to beta0j^YW and beta0j^FW1:
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.021}} (y1b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.004}} (y2b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.010}} (y3b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (y4b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.007}} (y4b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (y5b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.009}} (y5b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (y6b) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.023}} (y6b);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 1}} (fb1);
	
	% Random loadings:
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (2.5,-5.5) {1};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (rl1) at (-1.5,-3) {$\overset{VID}{\lambda_{1j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (rl2) at (0,-3) {$\overset{DL1}{\lambda_{1j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (rl3) at (1.5,-3) {$\overset{DL2}{\lambda_{1j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (rl4) at (3.5,-3) {$\overset{ISC}{\lambda_{2j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (rl5) at (5,-3) {$\overset{ILS}{\lambda_{2j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (rl6) at (6.5,-3) {$\overset{HWC}{\lambda_{2j}}$};
	
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(rl1.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{1.028}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(rl2.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{1.190}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(rl3.south) node [midway,left] {\tiny{1.093}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(rl4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.098}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(rl5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.150}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(rl6.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.823}};
		
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b.north) node [midway,left] {\tiny{3.262}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b.north) node [midway,left] {\tiny{3.077}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b.north) node [midway,left] {\tiny{2.891}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b.north) node [midway,right] {\tiny{3.088}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b.north) node [midway,right] {\tiny{3.015}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y6b.north) node [midway,right] {\tiny{3.132}};
			
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (rl1) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.013}} (rl1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (rl2) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.002}} (rl2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (rl3) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.002}} (rl3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (rl4) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.002}} (rl4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (rl5) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.001}} (rl5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,below] (rl6) to [out=320,in=340,looseness=6] node {{\tiny 0.005}} (rl6);
	
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Two-level CFA Model of Digital Devices Use with a Unidimensional Level-2 Model and Random Factor Loadings}
	\label{fig:fig-03-05}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\section{Multilevel Structural Equation Models}

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{RE1}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{RE2}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW1}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW2}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right, pos=0.4] {\tiny{$\overset{HW3}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{RE1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{RE2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW3}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, bend left=45] (xw) to [midway, left] node {} (fw1) ;
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{HAR}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (fw2);
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\beta_{1}}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\beta_{2}}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{3}}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (xw)--(fw2.west) node [pos=0.2,above] {\tiny{$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{2}}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{1}}$}};		
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw] (xb) at (-1,-4.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (3,-4.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (5,-4.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb)--(ywi) node [midway, above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{01}}$};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=220,in=240,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (ywi);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(ywi) node [midway, above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{00}}$};
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Two-level Model of Perception of Own Skills with a Random Intercept}
	\label{fig:fig-04-01}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.00}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{0.910}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.00}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.881}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{1.507}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.119$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{0.293}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{0.487}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{0.444}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{0.879}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny 1.138}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.708$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny 0.185} (fw2);
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $-0.113\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $-0.116\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.010\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (xw)--(fw2.west) node [pos=0.2,above] {\tiny{$0.044\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.028\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, bend left=45] (xw) to [midway, left] node {\tiny $-0.144^{***}$} (fw1) ;
	
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw] (xb) at (-1,-4.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (3,-4.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (5,-4.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb)--(ywi) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.01\textsuperscript{*}$};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=220,in=240,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $0.018$} (ywi);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(ywi) node [midway, above] {\tiny $3.873^{***}$};
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Two-level Model of Perception of Own Skills with a Random Intercept}
	\label{fig:fig-04-01r}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$0.954$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.817$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.497$}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.172$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.247$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.479$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.469$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.870$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $1.085$}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.708$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.179$} (fw2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xw) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $6.195$}} (xw);
	
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $-0.119\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $-0.127\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, dashed, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.004^{n.s.}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (xw)--(fw2.west) node [pos=0.2,above] {\tiny{$0.074\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.041\textsuperscript{***}$}};	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, bend left=45] (xw) to [midway, left] node {\tiny $0.122^{***}$} (fw1) ;
	
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ; \draw[black,fill] (-0.475,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw] (xb) at (0,-4.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (5,-4.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (xwb) at (0, -7) {$\overset{PAY}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (5,-7) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb)--(ywi) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.013\textsuperscript{**}$};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $0.017$} (ywi);
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(ywi) node [midway, right] {\tiny $3.803^{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb)--(ywi.west) node [midway, right] {\tiny $-0.019\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (int)--(xwb) node [midway, below] {\tiny $8.197^{***}$};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb) to [out=220,in=240, looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $4.878$} (xwb);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, bend left=45] (xwb.west) to [midway, left] node {\tiny$1.210^{***}$} (xb.west);	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Latent Contextual Covariate Model}
	\label{fig:fig-04-02}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{RE1}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{RE2}{\lambda_{1}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW1}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW2}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW3}{\lambda_{2}}$}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};	
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{RE1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{RE2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW3}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{HAR}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (fw2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xw) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $\overset{PAY}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (xw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, bend left=45] (xw) to (fw1); 
	
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\beta_{1}}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\beta_{2}}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{3}}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (xw)--(fw2.west) node [pos=0.2,above] {\tiny{$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{2}}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{1}}$}};		
	\draw[black,fill] (-1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;	
	\draw[black,fill] (7,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (-0.5,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (3, -6.5) {$\overset{HW1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (5, -6.5) {$\overset{HW2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (7, -6.5) {$\overset{HW3}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	
	\node[draw, circle] (fb1) at (0, -8.5) {REB};
	\node[draw, circle] (fb2) at (5, -8.5) {HAB};
	
	\node[draw] (xb) at (0,-10.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (5,-10.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (xwb) at (0, -12) {$\overset{PAY}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (3,-4.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb.east)--(ywi) node [pos=0.3, above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{01}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb.north)--(fb1) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{REB}{\gamma_{01}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb)--(fb2) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $\overset{HAB}{\gamma_{01}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(fb2) node [midway, above] {\tiny $\overset{HAB}{\gamma_{02}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb.east)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, below] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{02}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{03}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(ywi) node [midway, right] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{04}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb.east)--(fb2) node [pos=0.15, above] {\tiny $\overset{HAB}{\gamma_{03}}$};
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b) node [midway, left] {{\tiny $\overset{RE1}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b) node [midway, left] {{\tiny $\overset{RE2}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b) node [midway, left] {{\tiny $\overset{HW1}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b) node [midway, right] {{\tiny $\overset{HW2}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b) node [midway, right] {{\tiny $\overset{HW3}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	
	\node[draw=none] (coord1) at (-2,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord1.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord1.north)|-(xwb) node [midway,left] {\tiny $\overset{PAY}{\gamma_{00}}$}; 
	\node[draw=none] (coord1) at (8,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord1.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord1.north)|-(ywi) node [midway,right] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{00}}$}; 
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (ywi);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb) to [out=220,in=240, looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $\overset{PAY}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (xwb);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex, bend right=45] (xb.west) to (xwb.west); 
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {\tiny $\overset{REB}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (fb1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{HAB}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (fb2);
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{RE1}{\mu_{01}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{RE2}{\mu_{01}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y3b) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{HW1}{\mu_{02}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y4b) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{HW2}{\mu_{02}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y5b) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{HW3}{\mu_{02}}$};
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Random Intercepts Model with Between-level Latent Variables}
	\label{fig:fig-04-03}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$0.947$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.822$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.506$}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};	
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.165$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.246$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.452$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.446$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.856$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $0.886$}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.708$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.153$} (fw2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xw) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $6.095$}} (xw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (xw) to [bend left=45] node {\tiny $0.099^{***}$} (fw1);
	
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $-0.114\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $-0.101\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, dashed, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.004^{n.s}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (xw)--(fw2.west) node [pos=0.2,above] {\tiny{$0.065\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.052\textsuperscript{***}$}};		
	\draw[black,fill] (-1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;	
	\draw[black,fill] (7,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (-0.475,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (3, -6.5) {$\overset{HW1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (5, -6.5) {$\overset{HW2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (7, -6.5) {$\overset{HW3}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	
	\node[draw, circle] (fb1) at (0, -8.5) {REB};
	\node[draw, circle] (fb2) at (5, -8.5) {HAB};
	
	\node[draw] (xb) at (0,-10.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (5,-10.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (xwb) at (0, -12) {$\overset{PAY}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (3,-4.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, dashed] (xb.east)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $0.008^{n.s}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb.north)--(fb1) node [midway, left] {\tiny $-0.121\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, dashed] (xb)--(fb2) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $-0.002^{n.s.}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex,dashed] (fb1)--(fb2) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.044^{n.s.}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb.east)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, below] {\tiny $-0.017\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $-0.140\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(ywi) node [midway, right] {\tiny $-0.291\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb.east)--(fb2) node [pos=0.15, above] {\tiny $0.025\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (xwb.west) to [bend left=45] node {\tiny $1.177^{***}$} (xb.west);
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b) node [midway, left, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $3.689^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b) node [midway, left, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $3.434^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b) node [midway, right, pos=0.8] {{\tiny $3.815^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b) node [midway, right, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $2.952^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b) node [midway, right, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $2.437^{***}$}};
	
	\node[draw=none] (coord1) at (-2.5,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord1.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord1.north)|-(xwb) node [midway,below] {\tiny $8.190^{***}$}; 
	\node[draw=none] (coord1) at (8,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord1.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord1.north)|-(ywi) node [midway,below] {\tiny $3.779^{***}$}; 
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $0.016$} (ywi);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb) to [out=220,in=240, looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $5.056$} (xwb);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {\tiny $0.174$} (fb1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.029$} (fb2);
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.004$} (y1b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.004$} (y2b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.029$} (y3b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.025$} (y4b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.011$} (y5b);
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.00$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $0.970$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y3b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.00$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y4b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.844$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y5b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.527$};
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Random Intercepts Model with Between-level Latent Variables (unstandardized results)}
	\label{fig:fig-04-03r}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.040$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.825$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.508$}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};	
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.178$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.234$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.453$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.446$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.856$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $0.807$}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.708$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.153$} (fw2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xw) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $6.095$}} (xw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (xw) to [bend left=45] node {\tiny $0.096$} (fw1);
	
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $-0.120\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $-0.101\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, dashed, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.004^{n.s.}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(fw2.west) node [pos=0.2,above] {\tiny{$0.065\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.054\textsuperscript{***}$}};		
	\draw[black,fill] (-1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;	
	\draw[black,fill] (7,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (-0.55,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (-0.475,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (4.4,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE1}{\mu_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE2}{\mu_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (3, -6.5) {$\overset{HW1}{\mu_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (5, -6.5) {$\overset{HW2}{\mu_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (7, -6.5) {$\overset{HW3}{\mu_{0j}}$};
	
	\node[draw, circle] (fb1) at (0, -8.5) {REB};
	\node[draw, circle] (fb2) at (5, -8.5) {HAB};
	
	\node[draw] (xb) at (0,-10.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (5,-10.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (xwb) at (0, -12) {$\overset{PAY}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (3,-4.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, dashed] (xb.east)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $0.008^{n.s.}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb.north)--(fb1) node [midway, left] {\tiny $-0.117\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex,dashed] (xb)--(fb2) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $-0.002^{n.s.}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(fb2) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.045\textsuperscript{*}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb.east)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, below] {\tiny $-0.017\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(ywi) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $-0.145\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(ywi) node [midway, right] {\tiny $-0.288\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb.east)--(fb2) node [pos=0.15, above] {\tiny $0.025\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (xwb.west) to [bend left=45] node {\tiny $1.177^{***}$} (xb.west);
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b) node [midway, left, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $3.692^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b) node [midway, left, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $3.431^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b) node [midway, right, pos=0.8] {{\tiny $3.814^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b) node [midway, right, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $2.954^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b) node [midway, right, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $2.439^{***}$}};
	
	\node[draw=none] (coord1) at (-2.5,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord1.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord1.north)|-(xwb) node [midway,below] {\tiny $8.190^{***}$}; 
	\node[draw=none] (coord1) at (8,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord1.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord1.north)|-(ywi) node [midway,below] {\tiny $3.779^{***}$}; 
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $0.016$} (ywi);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (xwb) to [out=220,in=240, looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $5.054$} (xwb);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {\tiny $0.162$} (fb1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.029$} (fb2);
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.002$} (y1b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.006$} (y2b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.029$} (y3b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.025$} (y4b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.011$} (y5b);
    
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.00$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.040$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y3b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.00$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y4b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.825$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y5b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.508$};
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Random Intercepts Model with Random Mean Latent Variables}
	\label{fig:fig-04-04}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{RE1}{\mu_{01}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{RE2}{\mu_{01}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW1}{\mu_{02}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW2}{\mu_{02}}$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$\overset{HW3}{\mu_{02}}$}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};	
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{RE1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{RE2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW1}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW2}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$\overset{HW3}{\epsilon_{ij}}$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny 1}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{HAR}{\epsilon_{ij}}$} (fw2);
	
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\beta_{1}}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\beta_{2}}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{3}}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw.east)--(fw2.west) node [midway,below] {\tiny{$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{2j}}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{1}}$}};	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (xw) to [bend left=45] node {} (fw1);
	\draw[black,fill] (-1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;	
	\draw[black,fill] (7,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (4.4,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (-0.55,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (2.47,-1) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (3, -6.5) {$\overset{HW1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (5, -6.5) {$\overset{HW2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (7, -6.5) {$\overset{HW3}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	
	\node[draw, circle] (fb1) at (0, -8.5) {REB};
	\node[draw, circle] (fb2) at (5, -8.5) {HAB};
	
	\node[draw] (xb) at (0,-10.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (5,-10.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (rsl) at (5, -12.5) {$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{2j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (3,-4.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb.east)--(ywi) node [midway, above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{01}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb.north)--(fb1) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{REB}{\gamma_{01}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb)--(fb2) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $\overset{HAB}{\gamma_{01}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(fb2) node [midway, above] {\tiny $\overset{HAB}{\gamma_{02}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(ywi) node [pos=0.8, above] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{03}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(ywi) node [midway, right] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{04}}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb)--(rsl) node [pos=0.85, above] {\tiny $\overset{HAR}{\gamma_{21}}$};
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b) node [midway, left] {{\tiny $\overset{RE1}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b) node [midway, left] {{\tiny $\overset{RE2}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b) node [midway, left] {{\tiny $\overset{HW1}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b) node [midway, right] {{\tiny $\overset{HW2}{\mu_{00}}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b) node [midway, right] {{\tiny $\overset{HW3}{\mu_{00}}$}};
 
	\node[draw=none] (coord2) at (8,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord2.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord2.north)|-(ywi) node [midway,below] {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\gamma_{00}}$}; 
	\node[draw=none] (coord3) at (8.5,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord3.north);
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (coord3.north)|-(rsl) node [midway,right] {\tiny $\overset{HAR}{\gamma_{20}}$};
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $\overset{SKL}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (ywi);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (rsl) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $\overset{HAR}{\upsilon_{2j}}$} (rsl);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {\tiny $\overset{REB}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (fb1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $\overset{HAB}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (fb2);
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{RE1}{\mu_{01}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{RE2}{\mu_{01}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y3b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{HW1}{\mu_{02}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y4b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{HW2}{\mu_{02}}$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y5b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $\overset{HW3}{\mu_{02}}$};
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $\overset{RE1}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y1b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $\overset{RE2}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y2b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $\overset{HW1}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y3b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $\overset{HW2}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y4b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $\overset{HW3}{\upsilon_{0j}}$} (y5b);
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Random Slopes Model with Random Mean Latent Variables}
	\label{fig:fig-04-05}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
	% Within part of the graph
	\node[draw,circle] (fw1) at (0,0) {RES};
	\node[draw,circle] (fw2) at (5,0) {HAR};
	\node[draw] (y1) at (-1,2) {RE1};
	\node[draw] (y2) at (1,2) {RE2};
	\node[draw] (y3) at (3,2) {HW1};
	\node[draw] (y4) at (5,2) {HW2};
	\node[draw] (y5) at (7,2) {HW3};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y1.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(y2.south)  node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.038$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y3.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.00$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y4.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.829$}};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(y5.south) node [midway,right] {\tiny{$1.509$}};
	\node[draw] (xw) at (0,-2) {PAY};
	\node[draw] (yw) at (6.5,-2) {SKL};	
	% Residuals:
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.179$}} (y1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.233$}} (y2);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.453$}} (y3);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.443$}} (y4);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5) to [out=70,in=110,looseness=7,above] node {\tiny{$0.858$}} (y5);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {{\tiny $0.809$}} (fw1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (yw) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.708$} (yw);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fw2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.152$} (fw2);
   
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(yw.west) node [pos=0.7,above] {\tiny $-0.119\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw2)--(yw.west) node [midway,right] {\tiny $-0.097\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw)--(yw.west) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.011\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (xw.east)--(fw2.west) node [midway, below] {\tiny{$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{2j}}$}};
	\draw[->, very thin, >=latex, shorten >=0.25mm] (fw1)--(fw2) node [midway,above] {\tiny{$-0.054\textsuperscript{***}$}};
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex,left] (xw) to [bend left=45] node {\tiny $0.096^{**}$} (fw1);
	\draw[black,fill] (-1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (1,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (3,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (5,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;	
	\draw[black,fill] (7,1.75) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (6,-2) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (4.4,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (-0.53,0) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	\draw[black,fill] (2.47,-1) circle [radius=0.6mm] ;
	
	\draw[-, dashed, very thick] (-4,-3)--(7,-3);
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-2.5) {Within};
	\node[draw=none, font=\bfseries] at (-3,-3.5) {Between};
	% Between part of the graph
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y1b) at (-1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y2b) at (1, -6.5) {$\overset{RE2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y3b) at (3, -6.5) {$\overset{HW1}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y4b) at (5, -6.5) {$\overset{HW2}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw,ellipse] (y5b) at (7, -6.5) {$\overset{HW3}{\lambda_{0j}}$};
	
	\node[draw, circle] (fb1) at (0, -8.5) {REB};
	\node[draw, circle] (fb2) at (5, -8.5) {HAB};
	
	\node[draw] (xb) at (0,-10.5) {NEM};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (ywi) at (5,-10.5) {$\overset{SKL}{\beta_{0j}}$};
	\node[draw, ellipse] (rsl) at (5, -12.5) {$\overset{HAR}{\beta_{2j}}$};
	\node[draw, regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=0.5cm] (int) at (3,-4.5) {1};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, dashed] (xb.east)--(ywi) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.008^{n.s.}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb.north)--(fb1) node [midway, left] {\tiny $-0.121\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex, dashed] (xb)--(fb2) node [pos=0.2, above] {\tiny $0.010^{n.s.}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(fb2) node [midway, above] {\tiny $0.067\textsuperscript{**}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(ywi) node [pos=0.8, above] {\tiny $-0.129\textsuperscript{***}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(ywi) node [midway, right] {\tiny $-0.328\textsuperscript{**}$};
	\draw [->, very thin, >=latex] (xb)--(rsl) node [pos=0.85, above] {\tiny $-0.003\textsuperscript{**}$};
	
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y1b) node [midway, left, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $3.711^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y2b) node [midway, left, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $3.450^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y3b) node [midway, right, pos=0.8] {{\tiny $3.519^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y4b) node [midway, right, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $2,413^{***}$}};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (int)--(y5b) node [midway, right, pos=0.7] {{\tiny $1.993^{***}$}};
	
	\node[draw=none] (coord1) at (-2,-6) {};
	\node[draw=none] (coord2) at (8,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord2.north);
	\draw[->,very thin,>=latex] (coord2.north)|-(ywi) node [midway,below] {\tiny $3.733^{***}$}; 
	\node[draw=none] (coord3) at (8.5,-6) {};
	\draw[-,very thin] (int) -- (coord3.north);
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (coord3.north)|-(rsl) node [midway,below] {\tiny $0.067\textsuperscript{***}$};
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (ywi) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $0.016$} (ywi);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (rsl) to [out=310,in=330,looseness=8,below] node {\tiny $0.000$} (rsl);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb1) to [out=170,in=190,looseness=7,left] node {\tiny $0.164$} (fb1);
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (fb2) to [out=350, in=10,looseness=7,right] node {\tiny $0.019$} (fb2);
	
	\draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y1b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.003$} (y1b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y2b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.005$} (y2b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y3b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.030$} (y3b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y4b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.027$} (y4b);
    \draw[<->, very thin, >=latex] (y5b) to [out=200,in=220,looseness=5,left] node {\tiny $0.008$} (y5b);
    
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y1b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.00$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb1)--(y2b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.036$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y3b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.00$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y4b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.838$};
	\draw[->,very thin, >=latex] (fb2)--(y5b.south) node [midway, left] {\tiny $1.490$};
	\end{tikzpicture}
	\caption{Random Slopes Model (unstandardized results)}
	\label{fig:fig-04-05r}
\end{figure}




\end{document}